This course provides an in-depth overview of MR measurements of diffusion, providing a solid background in this rapidly-expanding research field. The first day of the course introduces the physics of molecular diffusion and its measurement using MRI, including conventional and state-of-the-art techniques. The second day covers the theory and practice behind two cutting-edge applications of diffusion MRI: measurement of microstructural properties and diffusion tractography. The final day focuses on the techniques and questions currently being investigated with diffusion MRI, including a focus on voxel-wise analysis of diffusion data. The course is designed for basic scientists who already have experience in MRI and wish to extend their knowledge of diffusion-weighted imaging. Students will have the opportunity to learn from and interact with leading world experts spanning the full range of this highly-interdisciplinary field.